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Walnut/ Butternut : Juglans cinerea Juglandaceae |
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Walnut/ Butternut : Juglans cinerea Juglandaceae |
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The walnut/butternut group (Juglans spp.) contains 15 species which grow in South America [6], Eurasia [4] and North America [5]. Of the butternuts, one species grows in the United States, American butternut (J. cinerea), and three in the Orient (J. ailantifolia, J. cathayensis and J. mandshurica). The word juglans is the classic Latin name of walnut, meaning nut of Jupiter.
Other Common Names: American white walnut, grey walnut, lemon walnut, oil-beannut, oilnut, walnut, white walnut.
Distribution: Butternut is native to the eastern United States from Tennessee and western North Carolina north to southern Ontario and Quebec. Its distribution is scattered, never growing in pure stands, at the edges of forests or in the open. It is found in association with cherry, basswood, oak, walnut, ash, maple, elm and hemlock.
The Tree: Butternut trees reach heights of 100 ft (30 m), with a 3 ft (1 m) diameter.
General Wood Characteristics: The narrow sapwood of butternut is white to light brown, while the heartwood is chestnut brown with red tinges. The growth rings are distinct, with a marked difference between the size of the earlywood and latewood pores. Butternut is similar to black walnut, but lighter in color and weight. It has no characteristic odor or taste.
Weighta |
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Moisture content |
Specific gravity |
Weight |
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lb/ft3 |
kg/m3 |
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Green |
0.36 |
46 |
737 |
12% |
0.38 |
27 |
433 |
Ovendry |
0.40 |
NA |
NA |
aReferences: specific gravity, green and 12%, (98); specific gravity, ovendry, (59); weight, (59).
Mechanical propertiesa,b
Property |
Green |
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Dry |
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MOE |
0.97 x 106 lbf/in2 |
6.688 GPa |
1.18 x 106 lbf/in2 |
8.136 GPa |
MOR |
5.40 x 103 lbf/in2 |
37.233 MPa |
8.10 x 103 lbf/in2 |
55.850 MPa |
C| | |
2.42 x 103 lbf/in2 |
16.686 MPa |
5.11 x 103 lbf/in2 |
35.233 MPa |
C ⊥ |
0.22 x 103 lbf/in2 |
1.517 MPa |
0.46 x 103 lbf/in2 |
3.172 MPa |
WML |
8.2 in-lbf/in3 |
56.539 kJ/m3 |
8.2 in-lbf/in3 |
56.539 kJ/m3 |
Hardness |
390 lbf |
1734.72 N |
490 lbf |
2179.52 N |
Shear| | |
0.76 x 103 lbf/in2 |
5.240 MPa |
1.17 x 103 lbf/in2 |
8.067 MPa |
aThe wood is lightweight, weak in bending, and weak in end compression. It is soft, but not stiff, and rates high in shock resistance.
bReference (98).
Drying and shrinkagea,b
Type of shrinkage |
Percentage of shrinkage |
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0% MC |
6% MC |
20% MC |
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Tangential |
8.1 |
5.1 |
2.1 |
Radial |
3.6 |
2.7 |
1.1 |
Volumetric |
12.5 |
8.5 |
3.5 |
aReferences: 0% MC, (98); 6% and 20% MC, (90).
Kiln drying schedulea |
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Condition |
4/4, 5/4, 6/4 |
8/4 |
10/4 |
12/4 |
16/4 |
Standard |
T10-E4 |
T8-E3 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
aReferences (6, 86). |
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Working Properties: Buttternut generally has a straight grain, works easily with tools, and takes a rich, lustrous finish.
Durability: Rated as slightly or nonresistant to heartwood decay. Preservation: No information available at this time.
Uses: Lumber, furniture, boxes, crates, mill work, veneer. Toxicity: No information available at this time.
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