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Sweetbay: Magnolia virginiana, Magnoliaceae |
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Sweetbay: Magnolia virginiana, Magnoliaceae |
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The genus Magnolia contains about 80 species native to North America [8], West Indies [8], and Asia [50]. The genus Magnolia is dedicated to Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), professor of botany and medicine and director of the botanic garden at Montpellier, France. The name virginiana means “of Virginia.”
Other Common Names: arbre du castor, bat-tree, bay, bay-tree, beaver tree, big laurel, black lin, bullbay, cucumberwood, evergreen magnolia, Indian bark, laurel magnolia, magnolia, magnolia de virginie, magnolia virginiana, magnolier bleu, magnolier des marais, mountain magnolia, quinquina virginie, small magnolia, Southern magnolia, southern sassafras, southern sweetbay, swampbay, swamp laurel, swamp magnolia, swamp sassafras, sweet bay, sweetbay magnolia, sweet magnolia, Virginia magnolia, virginische magnolia, whitebay, white laurel.
Distribution: North America, along the coastal plain from Long Island, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to Arkansas and Tennessee. Also occurs in eastern Massachusetts.
The Tree: Sweetbay grows in wet, sandy soil along streams, bottom lands and swamps. It is deciduous and shrubby in the northern parts of its range, but evergreen in the south. Sweetbay is slow-growing and flowers in spring. It grows in association with redbay, maples, holly and loblolly bay. It reaches heights of 80 ft (24 m), with a diameter of 1.5 ft
(0.5 m). The gray to gray-brown bark is thin, smooth, and irregularly furrowed as a result of plates. The bark is also aromatic.
General Wood Characteristics: The wood is soft and pale brown, with a brown, aromatic heartwood, and is straight grained.
Weighta |
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Moisture content Specific gravity |
Weight |
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lb/ft3 |
kg/m3 |
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Green 12% Ovendry |
0.42 |
NA |
NA 465 NA |
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aReference (90). Mechanical propertiesa |
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Property |
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Green |
Dry |
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MOE |
NA |
NA |
1.64 × 106 lbf/in2 |
11.308 GPa |
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MOR |
NA |
NA |
10.92 × 103 lbf/in2 |
75.293 MPa |
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C| | |
NA |
NA |
5.68 × 103 lbf/in2 |
39.164 MPa |
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C ⊥ |
NA |
NA |
0.56 × 103 lbf/in2 |
3.861 MPa |
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WML |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Hardness |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Shear| | |
NA |
NA |
1.68 × 103 lbf/in2 |
11.583 MPa |
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aReference (90). |
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Drying and shrinkagea
Percentage of shrinkage (green to final moisture content)
Type of shrinkage 0% MC 6% MC 20% MC
Tangential 8.3 NA NA
Radial 4.7 NA NA
Volumetric 12.9 NA NA
aReference (90).
Kiln drying schedulea
4/4, 5/4, 6/4 8/4 10/4 12/4 16/4
Condition stock stock stock stock stock
Standard T10-D4 T8-D3 NA NA NA
aReferences (6, 86).
Working Properties: It is easily worked and finishes well.
Durability: Rated as slightly or nonresistant to heartwood decay. Preservation: No information available at this time.
Uses: Lumber, veneer, furniture, boxes and containers.
Toxicity: No information available at this time.
Additional Reading: 29, 55, 68, 74.
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